George Washington: The First President

One cannot discuss the influential US politicians without mentioning George Washington, the first president of the United States. As a key figure in the American Revolutionary War, Washington played a pivotal role in the country’s independence from British rule. His leadership qualities and dedication to democratic ideals set a precedent for future presidents.

Thomas Jefferson: Architect of Democracy

Thomas Jefferson, another founding father, left an enduring legacy as the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. His emphasis on individual liberty and his contributions to the formation of democratic institutions shaped the nation’s future direction.

Abraham Lincoln: Preserving the Union

Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, is widely recognized for his pivotal role in preserving the Union during the Civil War. His unwavering commitment to ending slavery through the Emancipation Proclamation and the subsequent passage of the 13th Amendment marked a significant turning point in American history.

The Intersection of Politics and Online Casino Games

In a world where politics and entertainment often collide, it may come as a surprise that even the realm of online casino games can intersect with the dynamic world of politics. One fascinating example of this unexpected convergence is the popular online casino game Thunder Crash.

While traditional casino games are primarily associated with leisure and entertainment, Thunder Crash takes a unique approach by incorporating elements of political campaigns and strategy into its gameplay. This innovative fusion allows players to experience the excitement and challenges of navigating a simulated political landscape.

Within Thunder Crash, players take on the role of political candidates, immersing themselves in a virtual world where they must make critical decisions, engage with virtual voters, and strategize their way to victory. The game offers a realistic simulation of the campaign trail, complete with the complexities and obstacles that politicians face in their pursuit of office.

Theodore Roosevelt: Progressive Reformer

Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th president, is known for his progressive reforms and efforts to address social and economic inequality. His commitment to conservation and the establishment of national parks helped preserve America’s natural treasures for future generations.

Eleanor Roosevelt: Advocate for Human Rights

Eleanor Roosevelt, the wife of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, played a crucial role in advancing human rights on both the domestic and international fronts. As the chair of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights, she championed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, leaving a lasting impact on global human rights discourse.

Hillary Clinton: Breaking Barriers

Hillary Clinton, the first lady of the United States during President Bill Clinton’s tenure, shattered glass ceilings throughout her career. As the first woman nominated for president by a major political party, Clinton inspired countless women and girls to pursue their ambitions in politics.

Martin Luther King Jr.: Champion of Equality

Martin Luther King Jr., though not a politician in the traditional sense, was a pivotal figure in the civil rights movement. His tireless advocacy for racial equality and his famous “I Have a Dream” speech galvanized the nation and led to landmark legislation, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Ruth Bader Ginsburg: Defender of Justice

Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the second female Supreme Court justice, dedicated her career to fighting for gender equality and women’s rights. Her judicial opinions and dissents shaped the interpretation of the law and paved the way for progress in areas such as reproductive rights and gender discrimination.

Barack Obama: The First African American President

Barack Obama made history as the first African American president of the United States. His presidency marked a significant milestone in the country’s journey toward racial equality, and his policies aimed to address economic disparities, healthcare reform, and climate change.

Kamala Harris: Glass Ceiling Breaker

Kamala Harris, the first woman of South Asian and African American descent to hold the office of vice president, shattered barriers and paved the way for future generations of women in politics. Her historic election underscores the progress made in gender and racial representation within American politics.

Impact of US Politicians on the Country’s Development

The contributions of these and many other US politicians have had a profound impact on the country’s development. Through their leadership, vision, and dedication to democratic principles, they have shaped legislation, advanced civil rights, and propelled the United States forward.

The Intersection of Politics and Online Casino Games

While politics and online casino games may seem unrelated, there are instances where the two intersect. One such example is the popular online casino game Thunder Crash. This immersive game allows players to experience the excitement of simulated political campaigns, making strategic decisions and engaging with virtual voters. Thunder Crash offers a unique perspective on the world of politics, merging entertainment and strategy.

Conclusion

The most prominent US politicians have left an indelible mark on the nation’s history. From the early founding fathers to contemporary figures breaking barriers, their contributions have shaped American democracy and propelled the country forward. Additionally, unexpected intersections like the online casino game Thunder Crash demonstrate how politics can influence various aspects of our lives, even in the realm of entertainment.

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Yet, many are unsure about the path that leads to a fulfilling career in this field. Whether you’re an aspiring diplomat, policy analyst, or international affairs consultant, this comprehensive guide will illuminate the critical steps to securing a job in the exciting and ever-evolving foreign policy world.

It will help you understand the necessary educational foundation, required skills, the value of relevant experience, the power of networking, and the importance of continual learning in shaping a successful career in foreign policy.

Building a Strong Foundation: Education and Skills

The foreign policy world values intellect and knowledge, and having a strong educational background is often the first stepping stone. A degree in International Relations/Law, Political Science, or Public Administration is generally favored.

However, the sector also appreciates multidisciplinary knowledge, with degrees in Economics, Law, Environmental Science, and even Computer Science being advantageous in specific niches of foreign policy.

Apart from a relevant education, you should focus on developing certain skills:

1. Communication Skills: The ability to express your thoughts and ideas effectively, both orally and in writing, is crucial in the world of foreign policy.
2. Analytical Skills: Foreign policy professionals often need to analyze complex political situations, economic data, and social trends.
3. Foreign Language Skills: Proficiency in one or more foreign languages can significantly enhance your employability, especially in roles that require liaison with non-English speaking countries.
4. Cultural Sensitivity: As you’ll be working with diverse cultures, understanding cultural nuances is essential.

Gaining Relevant Experience

Securing a job in the foreign policy sector often necessitates more than academic credentials; hands-on experience plays an equally significant role. It provides insights into the practical aspects of the industry, showcases your commitment to the field, and can give you a competitive edge in the job market.

Here are some effective ways to gain relevant experience:

Internships and Fellowships

Internships and fellowships offer a chance to learn from experienced professionals and contribute to real-world projects in foreign policy. Such opportunities exist in a wide array of organizations, including government departments, international organizations, embassies, and think tanks.

In addition to gaining industry knowledge, internships allow you to demonstrate your skills, establish professional connections, and potentially secure full-time employment in the future.

Volunteering

As career experts from ResumeWritingLab, a company that helps clients with writing and editing their professional documents like resumes and cover letters, told us: “Volunteering for NGOs or other organizations focused on international relations is another valuable way to gain experience. This might involve working on international development projects, supporting humanitarian causes, or advocating for policy change. “

The diverse experience and insights gained through volunteering often reflect positively on your resume and can be a conversation point in job interviews.

Study Abroad Programs

Participating in a study abroad program can provide first-hand exposure to international cultures, languages, and political systems. This can prove particularly useful if you’re interested in specializing in a particular region or country’s foreign policy.

Joining Student Organizations

Involvement in student organizations or clubs focused on international affairs or related topics can also enrich your understanding of foreign policy. These groups often host events, discussions, or simulations related to international relations, allowing members to engage in foreign policy issues practically, and hands-only.

Remember, every experience, no matter how small it may seem, adds to your understanding of the world and can bring you closer to your goal of breaking into the foreign policy sector. So be proactive, seize every opportunity, and start building your experience today.

Networking and Professional Development

Networking is paramount in the foreign policy sector. Attending conferences, seminars, and workshops can connect you with professionals in the field. These interactions can lead to mentorships, internships, or job opportunities. Consider joining professional associations related to foreign policy to further build your network and stay informed about industry trends.

Furthermore, don’t underestimate the power of digital networking. LinkedIn, for instance, can be a powerful tool for connecting with professionals in the field and learning about job openings.

Continual Learning and Adaptation

The world of foreign policy is dynamic, with changes often spurred by shifting geopolitical landscapes, evolving global norms, and emergent technology trends. To thrive in this sector, one needs to commit to continual learning and adaptation.

Staying Informed About Current Affairs

A foreign policy professional must be aware of both current events and underlying geopolitical trends. Reliable news sources, both national and international, are indispensable for this purpose.

Additionally, consider subscribing to academic journals and magazines that focus on international relations or foreign policy. These publications often provide in-depth analyses of ongoing issues and can help develop a nuanced understanding of global affairs.

Continuing Professional Development

Continuing professional development (CPD) is critical to maintaining and enhancing your foreign policy competence. This can involve taking additional courses, attending workshops or seminars, or obtaining higher certifications or degrees.

Many universities and institutions offer courses on specific aspects of foreign policy, such as peace and conflict studies, international law, or diplomatic studies. Online platforms also offer a wealth of resources for CPD.

Adapting to Technological Changes

Technology plays a growing role in foreign policy. From the use of digital diplomacy to the implications of cyber security, understanding the interplay of technology and foreign policy is becoming increasingly important.

Therefore, being comfortable with technology and staying updated on relevant technological trends is crucial.

Conclusion

The pathway to a fulfilling career in the foreign-policy world can be as dynamic and varied as the field itself. The journey demands a robust academic foundation, requisite skills, a rich array of practical experiences, and a strong professional network.

Yet, the essential ingredient to thriving in this sector is a commitment to lifelong learning and a readiness to adapt to the ever-changing global landscape.

The rewards of a career in foreign policy are abundant: the opportunity to grapple with some of the most pressing global issues, the possibility to influence international relations, and the potential to contribute to global peace and development.

So, if your ambition is to be part of this exciting world, equip yourself with the right education, gain relevant experience, expand your network, and stay committed to continuous learning.

With these pillars in place, you’re well on your way to making a significant impact in the foreign-policy arena. Remember, your passion and dedication to this field can open doors to a vibrant and influential career at the forefront of global affairs!

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As this crucial concept often lacks a comprehensive explanation, we aim to delve into its depths, examining its meaning, significance, and implications.

Whether you’re an aspiring civil servant or a seasoned federal employee, a deeper understanding of career tenure will provide a unique perspective on your profession’s realities and enhance your capacity to navigate the federal employment landscape.

What is Career Tenure in the Federal Government?

In its simplest form, career tenure refers to the employment status that a federal government employee attains after successfully completing a designated probationary period. This period typically lasts a year or two, allowing for the evaluation of the employee’s competence and fit within their role.

Securing career tenure essentially means the employee has demonstrated the required proficiency and adaptability and henceforth enjoys increased job security and certain protections against arbitrary dismissal. This status is synonymous with career-conditional employment, which evolves into career tenure after a certain period of satisfactory service.

It’s important to note that career tenure is not the same as political appointment. While political appointees may face the risk of being replaced with every new administration, career civil servants with tenure enjoy a level of job security and independence that ensures the continuity of government functions, irrespective of political changes.

Career tenure is often linked with the concept of meritocracy, as it is granted based on the performance and abilities of an individual, fostering an environment that rewards hard work and competence.

This system also protects employees from undue political influence, reinforcing the impartiality of public service.

The Significance of Career Tenure

Understanding the role and importance of career tenure within the federal government framework helps to appreciate the stability it imparts to public service.

Enhancing Job Security

Firstly, career tenure offers job security, crucial for employees’ morale, productivity, and loyalty. It provides a sense of stability and predictability, allowing employees to focus on their roles without the constant fear of losing their jobs.

Upholding Merit Principles

Career tenure also reinforces the merit principles enshrined in the U.S. civil service system. These principles include fair competition, equal opportunity, and protection against political influence. The career tenure system ensures that employees are selected and promoted based on their abilities and performance, fostering an environment of meritocracy.

Safeguarding Against Political Interference

Importantly, career tenure shields employees from undue political interference. Unlike political appointees who may face the risk of being replaced with every new administration, career civil servants enjoy a level of independence. This independence maintains the continuity of government functions, regardless of changes in political leadership.

The Implications of Career Tenure

While significantly beneficial, career tenure in the federal government carries certain implications that impact both the employee and the public service sector. Understanding these effects is important to navigate the public service landscape effectively.

Balancing Stability and Flexibility

One of the primary benefits of career tenure is the stability it provides. However, this stability also brings about an inherent challenge: balancing it with the need for flexibility. In a rapidly evolving world, the public sector must constantly adapt and innovate to meet societal needs effectively.

Having a workforce majorly composed of tenured employees can sometimes slow down this adaptability due to their established routines and methods of work. Thus, ensuring this balance is essential for maintaining the efficiency and relevance of public service.

Ensuring Accountability

Career tenure provides a safety net against arbitrary dismissal, which is essential in protecting employees from political influence and maintaining the impartiality of public service.

However, this protection should not act as a shield for those who underperform or engage in misconduct.

Therefore, ensuring that the system fosters accountability and job security is crucial. This way, employees are encouraged to maintain high performance and ethical conduct standards, contributing to a more effective and reputable public service.

Managing Public Perception

Finally, the concept of career tenure has implications for public perception. On the one hand, the job security and stability associated with tenure can make federal government employment an attractive career choice.

On the other hand, if the public perceives that tenured employees are immune to repercussions for poor performance or unethical behaviour, it can lead to diminished trust in public institutions.

Therefore, managing this perception through transparency and effective communication about how accountability is maintained is vital.

Conclusion

In sum, the concept of career tenure serves as a cornerstone in the federal government’s structure, offering a foundation of stability and continuity within the ever-shifting political landscape. Its role in bolstering job security, upholding merit principles, and safeguarding against political interference cannot be overstated.

However, its implications – balancing stability with flexibility, the urgency of ensuring accountability, and managing public perception – offer challenges that require thoughtful navigation.

As public administration continues to evolve, comprehending the intricacies of career tenure becomes increasingly significant. This understanding serves as a compass for aspiring civil servants and current federal employees, guiding their professional journeys through the intricate federal employment landscape.

For the wider public, it fosters a deeper appreciation of the checks and balances inherent in our government structure.

Ultimately, when harnessed effectively, the career tenure system can drive public service forward, fostering a robust, efficient, and trusted federal government dedicated to serving the public good.

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The State of U.S. Financial Aid in 2023

The United States has consistently been one of the world’s largest providers of foreign aid, allocating billions of dollars annually to support various development projects, humanitarian assistance, and economic growth in recipient countries. In 2023, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) continues to focus on its core objectives, which include strengthening democratic governance, promoting global health and education, fostering economic growth, and providing humanitarian assistance in times of crisis.

As of 2023, the top recipients of U.S. financial aid include Afghanistan, Jordan, South Sudan, and Iraq. These countries receive aid for various reasons, such as addressing ongoing conflicts, supporting refugees, and promoting stability. Additionally, financial aid is provided to countries that face natural disasters or are battling public health crises.

In recent years, the U.S. has also been emphasizing the importance of transparency and accountability in its aid distribution process. To this end, they have implemented various measures to ensure that aid is efficiently and effectively reaching its intended recipients. For instance, the U.S. has adopted the Foreign Aid Transparency and Accountability Act, which requires the government to provide detailed information about its foreign aid programs and their outcomes. This has allowed both the U.S. government and the public to better assess the impact of their assistance on recipient countries.

The Impact of Online Casino Games on Financial Aid

While the U.S. government’s financial aid efforts have long been an essential part of its foreign policy, an unexpected development in recent years has been the growth of online casino games and their connection to foreign aid. As the popularity of online gambling has skyrocketed, some countries have turned to this industry as a source of revenue, with the potential to generate funds for development projects and public services.

In some cases, countries that receive U.S. financial aid have also begun to develop their own online gambling industries. This has led to a unique situation in which the revenues generated from these online casino games contribute to the economic growth and development of these countries, complementing the financial assistance provided by the U.S. government.

However, this phenomenon has also raised concerns among some policymakers and analysts, who worry that the growth of online gambling could lead to negative social consequences, such as addiction and financial instability. Some argue that the U.S. should consider the impact of online gambling on recipient countries when providing financial aid, and potentially adjust aid distribution accordingly.

Nevertheless, online casino games have undoubtedly become a significant source of revenue for some countries, and their contribution to the economic growth of these nations cannot be ignored. As such, the intersection between online gambling and financial aid presents both opportunities and challenges for policymakers to consider.

In 2023, the United States remains committed to providing financial aid to countries in need. As the world continues to face various challenges, from ongoing conflicts to public health crises, the importance of this assistance cannot be overstated. However, the growth of online casino games has introduced a new dimension to the conversation around financial aid, with some countries leveraging this industry to bolster their own development efforts.

As the U.S. government continues to refine its foreign aid policies, it will be essential for

policymakers to consider the broader economic and social landscapes of recipient countries, including the role of online gambling. This will allow them to better tailor aid distribution to support sustainable development and economic growth, while mitigating potential negative impacts.

In summary, the state of U.S. financial aid in 2023 reflects both traditional approaches and novel considerations. By maintaining its commitment to transparency and accountability, while acknowledging new revenue sources such as online casino games, the U.S. can continue to play a pivotal role in supporting global development and humanitarian efforts. As we move forward, it is crucial to continue to reevaluate and adapt financial aid strategies to ensure they are meeting the evolving needs of recipient countries and contributing to a more equitable and sustainable world.

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Key Factors Influencing the U.S. Economy

1. Fiscal and Monetary Policy: Fiscal policy (government revenue generation and spending practices) and monetary policy (manipulation of interest rates and money supply) are two crucial elements steering the U.S. economy. The Federal Reserve’s decisions concerning interest rates and money supply affect lending rates, investment, and consumer spending, while government tax policies and expenditure impact economic growth and inflation rates.
2. International Trade: The U.S., being a major player in global trade, is significantly impacted by its trade relations. Policies affecting import and export, such as tariffs and trade agreements, influence domestic industries, job creation, and economic growth.
3. Consumer Behavior: Consumer spending accounts for approximately 70% of U.S. GDP, making it a vital factor. Changes in consumer confidence and behavior significantly affect demand for goods and services, which in turn impacts businesses and the economy at large.
4. Technological Innovation: Technological advancement drives productivity growth, industry evolution, and job creation. Digital transformations, automation, artificial intelligence, and advancements in sectors like renewable energy are reshaping the U.S. economic landscape.

The Rise of Online Casino Games and Its Economic Impact

Interestingly, one emerging influence on the U.S. economy is the rise of online casino games. After the Supreme Court overturned the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act in 2018, many states moved to legalize online gambling. By 2023, the online gambling industry, including online casino games, has grown significantly, contributing to the U.S. economy in several ways.

1. Revenue Generation: Online casino games generate substantial tax revenue for states where they are legal. This revenue can support public services and infrastructure development.
2. Job Creation: The online casino industry contributes to job creation both directly and indirectly. Direct jobs come from the operation and regulation of online casinos. Indirectly, jobs are created in related industries such as software development, marketing, and cybersecurity.
3. Technological Innovation: Online casino games drive innovation in digital payment systems, cybersecurity, and software development. These advancements can have broader applications, influencing other sectors of the economy.

However, the rise of online casino games also presents challenges. Issues such as problem gambling and its associated social costs need to be carefully managed. There are also concerns about data security and privacy that need to be addressed.

As we move further into the 21st century, the U.S. economy continues to evolve under the influence of various traditional and emerging factors. Fiscal and monetary policy, international trade, consumer behavior, and technological innovation remain significant determinants of the country’s economic health. However, it’s fascinating to observe the emergence of new influences, such as the rise of online casino games, that are beginning to have a noticeable impact.

The online casino industry’s growth contributes to the economy by generating revenue, creating jobs, and driving technological innovation. Yet, it’s essential to consider and address the associated challenges. As the U.S. economy continues to grow and adapt, understanding these influences and managing them effectively will be crucial to maintaining a robust and sustainable economic trajectory.

Looking ahead, it is anticipated that the influence of digital industries, such as online casino games, will continue to grow. Policymakers must carefully balance the economic benefits of these emerging sectors with their potential social costs. This includes ensuring robust regulation to protect consumers, addressing potential social issues related to problem gambling, and managing data security and privacy concerns.

Furthermore, the impacts of online casino games on the economy should not be viewed in isolation. They are part of a broader trend towards digitalization and the increasingly significant role of the digital economy. As such, they highlight the need for a comprehensive approach to managing the digital economy and ensuring that it contributes to sustainable and inclusive economic growth.

In conclusion, understanding the complex interplay of factors shaping the U.S. economy in 2023 – from traditional influences like fiscal and monetary policy and international trade, to consumer behavior and the rising role of technological innovations, including the burgeoning online casino industry – offers valuable insights. These insights enable more effective policy-making and strategic planning, ensuring the U.S. economy remains resilient and continues to thrive amidst evolving global trends.

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In recent years, the process of “exporting democracy” has been assessed negatively by some observers. Opponents of U.S. hegemony often use the term “democratization of international life” to refer to what they see as desirable changes in international relations “without imposing development models or forcing the natural course of history.

In this context, it is necessary to include the notion of spreading democracy as a policy of imposing culture and ideology on other countries. U.S. security is determined by the degree of dependence of regimes in other countries on the United States. The concept of “democracy expansion” developed in the ideological framework of Wilsonian liberal universalism, which traditionally combined the pragmatics of American national interests with notions of the American ideological mission – to carry liberal-democratic principles to the whole world.

Madeleine Albright, who served as Secretary of State during Bill Clinton’s second administration, commented that “what the United States identifies as democracy is vital to American interests.

According to Robert Kagan (2011), the Obama administration has effectively reverted to Clinton’s “indispensable country” formula. Kagan believes that, the goal of U.S. foreign policy is to revive and strengthen the global liberal order, and that the current administration “is going in that direction. And then the big question arises: how do we fit China into this scheme? ” In his view, at the moment, “it’s not so much a question of promoting democracy as it is of defending it,” “at the moment it’s not a crusade. This is largely a question of consolidation and democratic solidarity.

According to political scientist Dmitri Simes (2012): “in recent years, a democracy-extension complex has emerged in the United States. Entire organizations have emerged that do it professionally, for which it has become a source of income and the main raison d’être. These are thousands and thousands of people associated with the administration and Congress. And this is a very interesting situation: on the one hand, these nongovernmental organizations are largely funded by the administration and congress. And on the other hand, they have the right to pressure the administration and congress. And this gives them a unique interest in making democracy promotion an American foreign policy priority.

At the same time, guided by the unspoken principle of “our son of a bitch,” the United States makes no real effort to democratize the theocratic monarchies of the Persian Gulf, such as Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait.

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In the 1920s, the U.S. fought for political expansion in Latin America by buying up land and granting loans through its companies. In some countries of the region, the U.S. directly controlled finances and customs, in some cases backing up its presence with the army.

Before World War II, the doctrine of isolationism was very popular in the U.S. ruling elite.

The victorious end of World War II and the atomic bombings of Japan in August 1945 rapidly changed the US role and importance in European and world politics. The highly successful implementation in 1947-1952 of the economic aid plan for Western Europe, known as the Marshall Plan, allowed the U.S. to finally “secure” its dominant economic and political influence in Western Europe and then[how?] in other regions of the world. As Harvard professor S. M. Walt noted in 2012, the U.S. is “the hegemon in the Western Hemisphere.

Since the 1940s, the United States has been involved in many armed conflicts and military coups around the world, including the 1953 Iranian coup, the 1961 Bay of Pigs operation, the wars in Yugoslavia, Afghanistan and Iraq.

As the 2002 Renmin Jibao noted, since the end of the Cold War, the U.S. has sought to create a unipolar world under its own leadership.

According to Professor John Gray, the loss of U.S. primacy in the world was marked with the outbreak of the war in Iraq, accelerated with the global economic crisis (since 2008).

In 2015, any talk about the revision of U.S. foreign policy and change of priorities has no grounds: as before, the U.S. is facing the problems of containment of China, solution of Islamic radicalism, control over oil resources, strengthening NATO and developing Transatlantic relations, creating alliance with democratic states of the Far East, with India, the problem of Iran is of particular importance.

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The United States also provides significant military assistance to its allies. By the end of fiscal year 2011, $28.3 billion worth of military products was delivered to foreign countries under the intergovernmental agreement on military assistance program (FMS). Another $6.5 billion worth of military goods were delivered under various security agreements. The list of top ten U.S. arms buyers, which allowed the U.S. to earn over $30 billion, included Afghanistan ($5.4 billion), Taiwan ($4.9 billion), India ($4.5 billion), Australia ($3.9 billion), Saudi Arabia ($3.5 billion), Iraq ($2 billion), UAE ($1.5 billion), Israel ($1.4 billion), Japan ($0.5 billion), Sweden ($0.5 billion).

The U.S. has been providing significant financial assistance to Israel since its inception in 1948. Besides military aid, Israel receives so-called “economic aid” from the US (the money goes to pay off Israel’s debt on military loans taken from the US before 1985). Since 1986, the total amount of aid is about $3 billion a year.

Sometimes the U.S. refusal of aid is used as a pressure tool. For example, military assistance to 35 countries which refused to sign agreements with the United States not to extradite U.S. citizens to the International Criminal Court has been terminated (the treaty establishing the court was first signed by the United States, but then it withdrew its signature). At the same time, as of July 2003, the U.S. had managed to conclude such agreements with 51 countries.

It has become known that the U.S. will reduce financial aid to Ukraine by nearly 70 percent. Thus, Ukraine can expect to receive only 177 million dollars instead of the planned 570 million dollars.

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